Lariyah MOHD SIDEK1, Hidayah BASRI1, Sivadass THIRUCHELVAM1, Mohamed Roseli ZAINAL ABIDIN2, Salmia BEDDU1, Norlela ISMAIL1 and Ibrahiem Abdul Razak ALANI3
الملخص الانجليزي
Urbanization is accelerating in Malaysia. Rapid urbanization has known to have several adverse impacts towards hydrological cycle due to increasing impervious surface and degradation of water quality in stormwater runoff. One of the negative effects of urbanization is the overloading of the stormwater drainage system leading to flash flood problem and water quality deterioration. In the past urban waterways have been confined to narrow river corridors with the channels canalised and concrete and other man-made materials forming the bed and banks of the river. At the same time, the waterways located in or near urban area are adversely influenced by solids in stormwater runoffs. Apart from that, stormwater pollutants such as litter, debris and sediments in drainage system are common problems which lead to flooding problems and the degradation of water quality. Stormwater pollutants such as litter, debris and sediments in drainage system are common problems which lead to flooding problems and the degradation of water quality. Many urban rivers have been converted into concrete channels, and now receive both storm drainage and raw or dilute sewage from the surrounding area. The pollutant loading also frequently leads to poor water quality, indeed this adverse impact of urbanisation often extends to the waterways downstream of the urban area. In some cases the bacteriological or chemical quality of urban streams may present a severe threat to public health. The result is that many urban waterways have virtually no aesthetic or amenity value, support a limited range of ecosystems, and do not meet the water quality objectives prescribed by the DID and DOE. DID has taken pro-active actions by establishing Manual Saliran Mesra Alam (MSMA) (DID 2000 & DID 2011) to control the stormwater quantitatively and qualititatively. Since the introduction of MSMA Manual 1st Edition, many aspects of water quantity and quality treatment are still relatively less understood and yet to be fully studied and documented. To solve this problem, stormwater BMPs proves very promising due to its near natural characteristics and multiple effects on the drainage of stormwater runoff in urban areas. However, the judgment of whether a local area is appropriate to be drained in this way and which stormwater BMPs measures are optimal is rather complex and involves analysing a set of influential factors. This judgment depends on not only relevant theoretical considerations, but also a large amount of practical experience and the availability of relevant data, as well. Such a judgment is an unstructured problem and relates to changeable knowledge. To fulfill this task, the so-called integrated green expert system, or green knowledge-based system, is introduced. One of the advantages of an expert system is that it provides automation of expert-level judgement. This is extremely helpful when an expert-level judgment is needed repeatedly for a large amount of cases, like in the planning of stormwater BMPs for an entire city catchment. This paper describes a selfdeveloped expert system tool for developing rule-based expert systems, as well as a case study: using an expert system for the selection of stormwater BMPs measures for the selected area in Kuala Lumpur.
د.ابراهيم عبد الرزاق العاني | Dr. Ibrahiem Abdul Razak Al-Ani | 2932