Abstract : Extravagance in chemical fertilizers and pesticides has become a threat to the lives of citizens and infect them with
serious diseases after these fertilizers were one of the most important factors that helped in increasing and developing
agricultural production, but the unfair and indiscriminate use of them by farmers, left negative effects on the environment and
the health of citizens as they interact with the soil and leave traces negative to the various elements of the environment.
Biofertilizers are considered environmental friendly fertilizers, which are fertilizers containing microorganisms that are able to
supply plants with the necessary nutrients from natural sources, which reduce dependence on fertilizers. Different chemicals
which lead to reducing environmental pollution and production costs and increasing the yield in terms of quality and
quantity, bacteria and fungi and blue green algae are among the most important sources of biological fertilizers, as these
organisms play an important role in serving plants by providing nutrients that it contributes to improving growth, increasing
yield, disease resistance or resilience in the face of bad conditions surrounding plant growth, such as environmental stress
in the soil or climate changes and a large number of these organisms are associated with plants with what is called mutual
benefit.
الاستاذ الدكتور أياد العلاف | Dr. Ayad Hani Alalaf | 19962