Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) with different forms and sizes has focused great importance due to their updated characteristics as compared to their native or natural atom counterparts. Algae are one of the most common biological entities existing autotrophically, performing around 50% of photosynthesis in the world. Different micro- and macroalgae are rich in active ingredients which are considered an appealing platform to serve as biorefineries for contriving a wide spectrum of high-value products in addition to fuels, besides their role as antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and bioaccumulators of heavy metals. Various preparation factors and parameters such as the methods used for green nanoparticle (NP) synthesis, algal extract or filtrate concentrations, pressure, pH, temperatures, contact time, particle size, other environmental conditions, and proximity greatly affect the quantity and quality of the biosynthesized NPs and their properties from algal species. The data collected from recently published articles revealed that algae (micro or macro) are an alternative material for the synthesis of NPs due to their advantages of fast growth (short life cycle), low cost, and short time for collection and harvesting, in addition to the presence of various reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents in the algal filtrate or extract which may be used to convert metal ions to nano forms such as polysaccharides, phenolics, proteins, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Therefore, algae became the important organism for green synthesis of various NPs. The algal NPs can be used with a broad spectrum of biological activities and applications such as antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, and cosmetics. The current review will focus on the green synthesis of NPs using different micro- and macroalgal species and factors affecting NP preparations in addition to the biological activities of the produced NPs as antioxidant.
عماد احمد شلبي | Emad Ahmed Shalaby | 1425