مقدمة تاريخية لأهمية القناع فى المصرى القديم : العقيدة لدى المصرى القديم
الملخص الانجليزي
A historical introduction to the importance of the mask in ancient
Egypt
The belief of the ancient Egyptian
“If a man from the common people wants to think about something that he
does not comprehend and cannot comprehend its elements, then he does
not use logic in his thinking, but rather depends on imagination. From
what he is accustomed to in his environment without wondering if there is
any convergence between them.
He calls the sky a cow and in this he never thought to achieve this
comparison accurately, and then the artist did not try to draw the sky
except as a beautiful cow without thinking about the truth of this Infinite
Judgment, which seems to the viewer to be of great value, and thus it
became customary to speak of the sky as a cow, and was constantly drawn
in this way, without trying to ask about the hair that covered the cow's
belly.
" As long as he liked the comparison, and as long as the cow is considered
one of the most beautiful animals that the Egyptian lives, and if he happens
to imagine another image of the sky, they represent her in the form of a
woman carved above the ground, then they give her the head of a cow, or
at least they decorate her first head with horns of a cow. This is the
goddess of heaven." Hathor The ancient Egyptians believed in
broadcasting and another life after death, and that all life is nothing but
integrated cycles of birth, childhood, youth, old age, death and then
another birth, and so on. The Nile and its people had their cities and
villages with their dwellings and temples, while the West Bank was
allocated in most cases to animals replete with pyramids, tombs, funerary
temples, and villages of workers and artists .Al-Masry tried to explain how
creation began. He believed that the god of Heliopolis was Atum.
( In Memphis there was Ptah, and in Ashmunin there was Tanun, and in
Thebes there was Amun, every region had gods like Atum) After the
waters of the eternal ocean receded from the high hill, he created himself
by himself when he pronounced his name, then joined his shadow, and
gave birth to two gods, Shu (Lord of the Air). ) and Tannih (the goddess of
the dew), who married her and had two children, Geb and his sister Nut,
and these two married and had four children: Osiris, Isis, Set and Naphtus.
However, their grandfather, the Lord of lords, Atum, was angry with them
(Gebb and Nut), so he ordered his son Shaw to separate them, so he was
the lord of the earth, and Nut was the goddess of heaven. It has a relatively
long period. There is no doubt that the first ancient Egyptian was
astonished by the state of preservation in which he finds the corpses of his
forefathers. He believed that death was nothing but a form of life in which
a person loses the elements of movement .I believe that death affects the
external body only, so the process of mummification was carried out to
help keep the body in its shape. After embalming the body, it is called
"Elsa", while other elements contained in the dead body remain, enjoying
life and happiness in the hereafter. Therefore, it was necessary to preserve
the different elements that each person consists of according to their belief,
which were :
The soul and they called it “Ba” and it was called from time to time to
inhabit the body of its owner, and they portrayed it in the form of a
bird with a human head that resembled the head of its owner.
The companion or the guardian spirit and they called it "ka" and it was
necessary to recite incantations for her benefit and offer her offerings
so that she would always remain in her place and never leave her
owner.
The body was called "Ght" and it was necessary to preserve it by
embalming.
The heart: It was called “Ib.” It was made of stone or faience and was
worn as an amulet, which the Egyptian considered as a conscience. It
is the center of human feelings and inspires its owner with charitable
and evil deeds.
أ.د/عصام محمد محفوظ | Prof.Dr.Essam Mohamed Mahfouz | 21549