Wood: “The wooden pieces that were used to draw on them in the pictures of the faces of Fayoum were of many different types of wood, as well as the thickness of the wood was different. Examples of wood that were used are sycamore wood, and scientists confirmed that sycamore wood is one of the most widespread types of wood, as many Its use, as well as many other types, including cypress wood, cedar wood, pine wood, and lemon tree wood, and there are a few pictures executed on fig wood, and it is known in Egypt, especially the Fayoum region, is full of fig trees, and despite that the most prevalent wood in the paintings is sycamore wood
- Preparing the wood for painting: “There are different possibilities that were done on the wooden panels, including that it was possible to leave the wood plain, but whenever this is done, as the most common method is to prepare the wood using earthen oxides with a transparent adhesive, which over time does not leave a visible trace, and looks like This method is as if the wood was without preparation, and by means of lime oxides, as described by Euphrosine, the painting is covered with a mixture of animal glue and gypsum in one layer or more, and then weighed well. Wax colors stick to the plaster, so no plaster floor was used at all.Linen: “There are two groups of paintings that were executed on linen fabrics, and these linen fabrics were used in drawing faces as an alternative to using wood, as well as linen shrouds, which are external wraps for mummy and proverbs. Linen shrouds found in Saqqara.
Euphrossen says, "The linen scrolls that were found in Al-Hawara are of a type of linen that is drawn and defined by the shape of the outer frame of the linen laces that contain the mummy, and they roamed with great resemblance and effect, like the rest of the wooden panels."
Preparing the linen for drawing on it: The linen was prepared from colored oxides of the paste in order to give it a dry texture so that it would hold the colors that will be colored with it later, and at times this was done by adding a thin layer of lime.” Tools used in drawing the faces of Fayoum: Most studies and research have proven or The tools that were used in executing the images are brush-like tools of various thicknesses according to their purpose. We find the use of the fish brush in most backgrounds and clothes, and sometimes in hair styling attempts. We also find the thicker brush in facial features and some details. Thus, the brush size varies to play its appropriate role in achieving tactile values. Painted the faces of Fayoum
"It was found that some Fayoum faces had put a thick layer of wax on the thin wooden surface and filling the spaces with it. This gave an opportunity to create deep effects on the surface of the image, and these deep effects are similar to (carved wood), and this gave a special expressive significance to the images, blending the color and the richness of the image surface in Faces of Fayoum "The Fayoum Faces artist, during his expression, resorted to using techniques related to mixing colors in an attempt to organize them in the color plane. This is an attempt to find an aesthetic compatibility for the color group used
أ.د/عصام محمد محفوظ | Prof.Dr.Essam Mohamed Mahfouz | 21029