عنوان المقالة:اصلاح القطاع الامني وبناء الدولة في ليبيا Security sector reform, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of militias: the challenges for state building in Libya
يناقش المقال اشكالات وتحديات اصلاح القطاع الامني وتفكيك الميليشياعت وادماجها في ليبيا بعد القذافي. كما يحلل مخاطر استمرار غياب هذا النهج على افاق بناء الدولة الجديدة.
الملخص الانجليزي
Even though the rebels, later turned ‘revolutionaries’, actually had
an insignificant role as combatants in the violent downfall of the
Gaddafi regime in Libya in 2011, they became involved in acts of
war in many parts of the country in what came to resemble a civil
war. Their militias flourished thanks to the lucrative financial
handouts that governments paid to them. To complicate matters,
additional militias sprang up in the absence of any sort of viable
state/institutional control on the part of the nascent ‘state’ or an
inability to restrict and monopolize the use of force. Therefore,
disarmament, demobilization, reintegration and security sector
reform have not been possible, and the Libyan case demonstrates
the failure to emulate international best practices, thus hindering
any state-building. This paper seeks to analyse the Libyan case
and provide an approach and framework for dealing with the
genuine causes of the current situation in order help put the
appropriate disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR)
and security sector reform (SSR) policy in place, while
simultaneously not ignoring other major, contributing factors. This
study suggests that the case of Libya is unique and likely to prove
challenging to both established and evolving theoretical
approaches to both DDR and SSR. Experiments in the country that
have ignored the holistic security sector reform will be examined
and its programmes analysed to ascertain whether these have
produced any effective state-run structures and mechanisms,
norms and procedures, or whether they have only served to
reinforce the de facto roles of militias. The article argues that
unless the state-building approach is revitalized and national
reconciliation made a top priority, Libya’s current debacle and
instability is most likely to continue.
يوسف محمد الصواني | Youssef Mohammad Sawani | 3019