عنوان المقالة: Environmentally sustainable computationally spectrophotometric resolution strategy for analysis single-tablet regimens of antihypertension with overlapped spectra
Hayam M. Lotfy , Reem H. Obaydo, ,, Ekram H. Mohamed
الملخص الانجليزي
Single tablet regimens (STRs) for hypertension suppression improve patient satisfaction, quality of life, medication and adherence compared to multi-tablet regimens (MTRs). Development of simple cost effective and at the
same time green an ecofriendly method for analysis and resolution of multicomponent and complex mixtures is
an increasingly important issue in the field of pharmaceutical industry in general and analytical chemistry in
specific. Thus, the presented research deals with two main goals, the first one is concerned with developing and
applying a fully validated resolution plan using numerical data of signals on manipulated spectra for successive
extraction of parent spectra of drugs in single-tablet Regimens (STRs) used in antihypertensive treatment. The
STRs contains three drugs with deconvoluted spectra, Atenolol (ATL), Amiloride (AMD) and Chlortalidone
(CLN). The resolution plan encompasses two simple and affordable spectrophotometric methods employing
resolving spectra either normalized spectrum (NS) or factorized spectrum (FS) which acts as a master key for
unlocking the overlapped spectra of ternary mixture with no need for any preliminary physical separation,
sample pretreatment or pH adjustment. These two main methods namely, dual amplitude difference (DAD) and
derivative ratio transformation (DDT). The presented approaches required a simple spectrophotometer with its
built-in program using primitive mathematical operations to restore the parent spectrum for individually drug
cited in the mixture understudy. The proposed methods validity was checked and evaluated through the ICH
guidelines and displayed linearity within concentration range 4.0-40.0μg/mL for ATL, 3.0-20.0μg/mL for both
AMD and CLN. While the specificity evaluation was performed via assaying the three drugs accurately and
precisely in their synthetic mixtures and in their STRs. Generally, these methods could be recruited for the fast
and effective analysis and determination of the purity index for AMD, CLN and ATL in bulk materials and
available market formulation, Teklo ® tablets.
The second main goal of the research was the evaluation of the methods greenness and whiteness where the
applied UV-methods and the reported HPLC one had significantly different greenness scores when compared
using three metrics: the Green Certificate Classification (GCC), the Complex Green Analytical Procedure Index
(Complex-GAPI), and the Analytical Greenness metric approach (AGREE).
Also, the whiteness scores, which reflected the degree of the achieved sustainability for the HPLC reported
technique and the produced UV ones were done by using the ideologies of the white analytical chemistry (WAC)
tool. All the differences between the four aforementioned metrics are discussed in this study.