عنوان المقالة: Haematopoietic observation on spleen prints from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following dietary or waterborne exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles
Little is known about the immunotoxicity of dietary and waterborne exposure to nanoparticles in aquatic organisms. In this study, cellular pathologies and haematopoietic characteristics were examined in spleen prints of juvenile rainbow trout that were exposed to TiO2 NPs. Dietary exposures were TiO2 (10-100 mg kg-1 for up to 8 weeks and followed by 2 weeks recoveries), and waterborne exposures were TiO2 (0.1-1 mg l-1 for up to 14 days). At least 200 cells were counted on each slide of spleen from each fish per treatment at each time point (6 fish/treatment). Dietary exposure to TiO2 showed minor effects on the proportion of haematopoietic cells and the erythrocyte morphology in the spleen. This included small transient changes in the proportion of erythroblast and lymphocytes when compared to controls. An increase in the proportion of erythrocytes with abnormalities (swollen red blood cells and cell with membrane abnormalities) was observed in the spleen following dietary exposure even though the incident rate was only 1-2 % of the red cells (all statistically significant, ANOVA, P < 0.05). Waterborne exposure to TiO2 showed a decrease in the proportion of erythroblasts and an increase in the proportion of some types of immune cells compared to controls (ANOVA, P < 0.05). At day 14 of waterborne exposure to TiO2 NPs showed a few more statistically significant changes than day 4 (ANOVA, P < 0.05); including an increase in the proportion of erythrocyte abnormalities (swollen red blood cells, red cells with micronuclei, and cell membrane abnormalities). The incident rate was only 1-4 % of the red cells observed compared to the control (0-1%). It was concluded that dietary exposure of TiO2 caused minor alteration in the erythropoiesis and immune system while exposure to waterborne TiO2 caused slightly greater alterations in the erythropoiesis and immune system. The adverse effects via the dietary route are less severe than waterborne exposure on the immune system. The levels of changes that observed are unlikely to be clinically important to fish health
تاريخ النشر
01/03/2017
الناشر
Proc. Of the 2nd Int. Sci. Conf. Southern Technical University
جنان عدنان عبد اللطيف البيروتي | Genan Adnan Abdul-Bairuty | 5622