1-Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype(s) in Al-Muthanna Province/ Iraq Patients Hepatitis E (HE) is an inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. Iraq is one of the Asian countries with high incidence and prevalence of hepatitis. In this paper, the prevalence of HEV genotype(s) will be determined in Al-Muthanna province/ Iraq. Micro-ELISA kit was used to test 270 patients for HEV IgM antibodies. Among the 270 analyzed serum samples, a total of 72 samples (26.66%) showed positive results for anti-HEV IgM antibodies, and all these patients were tested for confirmatory test at central public health laboratories (CPHL) in Baghdad province. These patients consist of 45 females and 27 males with age ranged between (4-74) years old, were all negative for routinely screened markers of Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Ten normal healthy individuals, used as normal control in this study. This study showed that the HEV IgM is more common among younger age group (15-24), with a percentage of )41.67%(, and it was higher in females (63%) than in males (37%). Highly significant differences (χ2 =10.271, p ≤ 0.01) appeared among age groups. The positive sera anti-HEV IgM also were tested for total serum bilirubin (TSB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) colorimetrically. The level of liver function enzymes were demonstrated significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in HEV patients as compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, RNA was extracted from Sera of positive anti-HEV IgM antibodies. High levels of RNA concentration were measured by Nanodrop. Forty-six samples have high RNA concentration out of 72 samples were detected for genotypes I, III & IV by Real time PCR technique. In this study, HEV type I and III were detected in 23 samples out of 46 samples by using Real Time PCR systems. Ten samples were positive for this test. Thirteen samples (56.52%) were negative for this test. The prevalence percentage of genotypes I & III was (43.48%). The results appeared significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). Also by using the same technique (Real time PCR systems) the HEV type IV was detected in 23 samples out of 46 samples. Five samples were positive for HEV type IV and 18 samples (78.26%) were negative. The prevalence percentage of genotype IV was (21.74%). This study indicated that the HEV is highly endemic in Al-Muthanna province in Iraq. Genotypes I & III were the most prevalent than genotype IV in humans in Al-Muthanna province in Iraq. These results suggest that the genotypes I & III are the main causative agents of sporadic HEV infection in Al-Muthanna province.