عنوان المقالة:أثر الاضطرابات الفسيولوجية الخاصة بالمرأة في مسؤوليتها الجزائية The Effect of The Physiological disorders Related to The Woman on Her Criminal Responsibility
ان انعدام معرفة الأسباب التي تؤدي بالمرأة إلى أن ترتكب الجريمة، ينتج عنه انعدام القدرة على التقدير الصحيح لمسؤوليتها الجزائية، ومن ثَمَّ وضع العلاج للأسباب التي أدت بالمرأة إلى إتيان الجريمة، وكل ذلك من شأنه الابتعاد عن تحقيق العدالة. ونظراً لما يعتمل المرأة من تغيرات في وظائف الغدد الصماء تنتابها في فترات الطمث والحمل والنفاس، وتختص بها دون الرجل وتؤثر في قواها العقلية، فان هذا يثير ضرورة بحث هذه التغيرات بشكل مستقل، والوقوف على مدى تأثيرها في مسؤولية المرأة الجزائية، فقد جبلت المرأة على طبيعة جسدية ووظيفيـة-عضويـة (فسيولوجية) خاصـة تميزهـا عن الرجل.
إنّ هذا الموضوع ينصب على التغيرات الوظيفية-العضوية التي تحدث لجسم المرأة التي تختص بها دون الرجل، وتؤثر في ملكاتها الذهنية، ومن ثَمَّ تؤثر في مسؤوليتها الجزائية، وهذه التغيرات تتمثل بالدورة الشهرية وما يحدث من طمث أو حيض، والتغيرات التي تنتاب المرأة في فترة الحمل، ومؤثرات الولادة والنفاس من اكتئاب وذهان ما بعد الولادة.
الملخص الانجليزي
While crimes committed by males and specifying the factors affecting male criminal behavior have so far gained a considerable amount of study and research , The subject of women and crime and causes of the criminal behaviour of women and their criminal Responsibility arising from this behaviour has at the same time remained far from thorough study and research and has not gained a sufficient amount of attention from researchers whether in the field of criminology or in the criminal law . Consequently , The image a society has had of the criminal is that he is a male who has broken the law .
Researchers have certainly made an excellent job of their attempt to specify and limit the factors that affect the mental powers , or the diseases that the human body might have or the physiological , psychological or organic changes that might affect the mental powers of human beings ; Yet these researchers have not gone so far as to distinguish between the two sexes concerning the limitation of these factors and reasons , and concentration has only been focused on the male criminal while women's criminal behaviour has remained outside the range of study and research .
Therefore , without knowing the reasons that lead women to commit crimes , we would be unable to assess rightly her criminal responsibility and prescribe precisely the treatment of the reasons that cause the woman to turn to crime . All that would in turn prohibit us from giving justice .
Since a woman is liable to changes in the functions of the endocrine at the time of menstruation , pregnancy and postpartum , changes which are characteristic of a women not a men and affect her mental ability , so this necessitates dealing with these changes independently and knowing the extent of their effect on a woman's criminal responsibility for a woman is endowed with a special physiological and physical nature which makes her quite distinct from the man .
The subject of our study focuses on the organic and physiological changes of a woman's body which are characteristic of women and may affect their mental powers and consequently their criminal responsibility .
Owing to the fact that there is no accurate and comprehensive domain in the criminal studies that contains all these changes and covers all aspects of the subject , we are obliged to persevere in our attempt for the aim of reaching a topic that can be as comprehensive and detailed as possible , that can avoid mixing it with other physiological changes and that can be clear enough to push away all doubts . The result of all this is that we have chosen this topic that entitles our research .
The importance of this research lies in the fact that it concentrates on a subject that has for long remained distant from the fields of study and shrouded in mystery whether judicially , legally or legislatively .
Our research sends a message to the criminal judiciary in general and in Iraq in particular to take into account the state of a woman when assessing her criminal responsibility .
د. احمد جابر صالح | Dr. Ahmed Jaber Saleh | 3103