عنوان المقالة:Ahmed, R.G., 2005. The physiological and biochemical effects of diabetes on the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system. Med. J. of Islamic Academy of Sci. 15(1), 31-42.
SUMMARY : The number of reports on the effects of diabetes is still increasing because the diabetes is one
of the major disease of industrialized and non-industrialized societies. Because at least 30 million people
throughout the world suffer from diabetes, there is currently great interest in the potential contribution of
increased oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of diabetes as well as its complications. Thus, the goal of this
review was to explain the behaviors of the free radicals and antioxidant enzymes against diabetes. Hyperglycemia
is a widely known cause of enhanced free radical concentrations and decreased antioxidant defense
system, this mechanism may occur via at least four different routes: increased glycolysis; intercellular activation
of sorbitol (polyol) pathway; auto-oxidation of glucose and non-enzymatic protein glycation. In addition, this
overview not only to investigate the genesis of free radicals in hyper/hypo-insulinemia, but also to elucidate the
inverse relationship between insulin action and free radicals. Increased free radicals in diabetes may be caused
the pathogenesis of atherogenesis, atherosclerosis and the degeneration in the biological macromolecules; proteins
and lipoproteins, and other degenerative disorders. Furthermore, this overview was extended to show the
effect of streptozotocin on diabetes, antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress. In general, the hypothesis was
that, the imbalance of generation and scavenging of free radicals play an important role in determining tissue
damage associated with diabetes. However, this argument is still ambiguous because of the difficulties of the
direct observation of the active oxygen species in biological systems due to their short life time.
Key Words: Diabetes, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant system, hypo/hyperglycemia, Atherogenesis, Streptozotocin
Ahmed R. G. | Ahmed R. G. | 2259